​The Force and Effect Diagram, created by Grace Duffy and John W. Moran, is described in the article entitled “Force and Effect Diagram Guides Team through Addressing Barriers,” written in 2009. This tool helps teams who are completing AIM statements by combining steps and then using the result in developing cause and effect headers. The Force and Effect Chart identifies barriers to agreement among team members concerning a specific situation. The Force and Effect Chart helps teams identify barriers to and resolutions for the transition from the current state to the future state of a problem and redesign of a situation. Combining force field analysis with a cause and effect diagram creates a unique approach to quality improvement work.​